The ten foot tall Olmec head in the square of Santiago Tuxtla

The Preclassic or Formative Period ( 1500 BC – 300 AD )

The Formative Period begins with the first appearance of pottery and ends with the rise of the Teotihuacan and Mayan civilizations. It was an epoch marked by the emergence of effective agriculture, the establishment of human settlements and the development of fundamental arts. The earliest site of the period discovered so far is Chiapa de […]

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Escena de peregrinos en busca de posada, clay and polychrome figurine, author unknown, Tlaquepaque, Jalisco, 2002 © Anthony Wright, 2012

Mexican tradition: Pidiendo Posada, the words to the song

When reenacting Mary and Joseph’s quest for shelter in Bethlehem, participants in the traditional Posada processions stop to sing a litany at several designated homes. The verses alternate one by one between those seeking lodging outside and those responding from behind the door. The lyrics are as follows: Español English Outside Singers Inside Response Outside […]

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Religion and society in New Spain: Mexico’s Colonial era

No sooner had the Spanish conquistadores vanquished the Aztec Empire militarily, than the spiritual conquest of Indian Mexico began. The Spaniards were devoutly Roman Catholic. It should be remembered that Spain’s rise to power came as a direct result of regaining the Iberian peninsula from Moslem rule. In return for having driven out the Moors, the Pope […]

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Guelaguetza dancers © Geri Anderson, 2000

Mexico holiday and fiesta calendar – Mexican Holidays

Fiestas abound in Mexico. The following listing of major Mexican holidays, by no means complete, is intended to help the newcomer to Mexico understand the motive for hearing rockets blasting off at dawn, finding a local bank or post office closed on a weekday, or encountering traffic brought to a halt by a passing parade […]

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The imposing archeological zone of Monte Alban just outside the city of Oaxaca, Mexico. © Alan Cogan, 1997

The Classic Period (300 – 900 AD) Part 2 – Cholula and Monte Alban

Dale Hoyt Palfrey The most important center of the Mexican highlands after the fall of Teotihuacan was Cholula, near the twin volcanic peaks Iztaccihuatl and Popocatepetl and the city of Puebla. The Great Pyramid there, dedicated to Quetzalcoatl, is the largest single structure in the New World. Towering 181 feet high and covering an area […]

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